From Longman Dictionary of Contemporary EnglishMongoliaMon‧go‧li‧a /mɒŋˈɡəʊliə $ mɑːŋ-/ a country in north central Asia between Russia and China. Population 3,226,516 (2014). Capital: Ulaanbaatar (formerly Ulan Bator). Mongolia is a large country but has a small population because it includes a large area of desert and open plains. The country is sometimes informally called ‘Outer Mongolia’, and it is next to a part of China called ‘Inner Mongolia’. —Mongolian noun, adjective